A closed curved stroke is called a bowl in b d o p q D O P Q B has two bowls. Letters with descenders are g j p q y.Īn arching stroke is called a shoulder as in the top of an R or sometimes just an arch, as in h n m.
A stroke which drops below the baseline is a descender. When the stroke is part of a lowercase and rises above the height of an x (called the x height), it is called an ascender. The central stroke of an s is called the spine. The letter m has three, the left, middle, and right stems. For the rational mind, type design can be a maddening game of drawing things differently in order to make them appear the same.Ī main vertical stroke is called a stem.
The two strokes in an X aren't the same thickness, nor are their parallel edges actually parallel the vertical stems of a lowercase alphabet are thinner than those of its capitals the ascender on a d isn't the same length as the descender on a p, and so on. Squeezing a square about 1% helps it look more like a square to appear the same height as a square, a circle must be measurably taller. Typefaces are born from the struggle between rules and results.
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